Introduction: In the field of daily chemicals, glass containers have the characteristics of high transparency and good feel, and the sandblasting process and frosting process make the glass bottles have a hazy feeling and non-slip characteristics, which are popular with consumers. This article shares relevant knowledge about glass blasting process, frosting process and coloring, the content is for friends' reference:
1. About sandblasting
Introduction
A conventional abrasive jet, the technology has been continuously developed, improved and perfected. With its unique processing mechanism and extensive processing and application range, it has become more and more popular in today's surface treatment industry and has been widely used in Machinery manufacturing, instrumentation, medical equipment, electronic appliances, textile machinery, printing and dyeing machinery, chemical machinery, food machinery, tools, cutting tools, measuring tools, molds, glass, ceramics, crafts, machinery repair, and many other fields.
Abrasive jet
It refers to the jet formed by the abrasive moving at high speed under the action of some external force. For dry blasting, the external force is compressed air; for liquid blasting, the external force is the mixed action of compressed air and a grinding pump.
Principle
It uses the high-speed air flow formed when high-pressure air passes through the fine holes of the nozzle, and blows the fine-grained quartz sand or silicon carbide to the glass surface, so that the surface structure of the glass is constantly damaged by the impact of the sand particles to form a matte surface.
The structure of the blasting surface is determined by the air velocity, the hardness of the gravel, especially the shape and size of the sand particles, the fine sand particles make the surface a fine structure, and the coarse grit can increase the erosion speed of the blast surface.
Abrasive
Refers to the medium used in the jet processing process, which can be river sand, sea sand, quartz sand, corundum sand, resin sand, steel sand, glass shot, ceramic shot, steel shot, stainless steel shot, walnut skin, corn cob, etc Different materials and grain sizes are selected according to different blasting process requirements.
Application
Clean up the oxide scale, residual salts and welding slag, surface residues on the surface of various types of workpieces.
Clean up tiny burrs on the surface of various types of workpieces.
Used for pretreatment of surface coating and plating of workpieces to improve the adhesion of coating and plating.
It is used to improve the performance of mechanical parts, improve the lubrication conditions of mating parts, and reduce the noise of mechanical operation.
Used for surface strengthening treatment to eliminate stress and improve the fatigue strength and corrosion resistance of parts.
Used for the refurbishment of old parts and the repair of defective products.
It is used to clean rubber, plastic, glass and other molds without hurting the surface of the mold, ensuring the accuracy of the mold, improving the grade of the product, and increasing the service life of the mold.
Finishing processing, remove scratches and processing marks on parts, and obtain a uniform and non-reflective surface effect.
Get special sandblasting effects, such as sandblasted lettering (painting), sandwashed jeans, frosted glass, etc.
About scrub
Introduction The frosting treatment in chemistry is to mechanically or manually grind glass with abrasives such as silicon carbide, silica sand, pomegranate powder, etc. to make a uniform and rough surface. The surface of glass and other objects can also be processed with hydrofluoric acid solution. Products become frosted glass and other products. Sealing performance is better after frosting.
Frosted glass refers to the process of changing the original smooth surface of ordinary glass from smooth to rough (transparent to opaque) through object processing. One or both sides of the flat glass are polished mechanically or manually with abrasives such as silicon carbide, silica sand, pomegranate powder, etc. to make a uniform and rough surface. The glass surface can also be processed with a hydrofluoric acid solution. The resulting product becomes frosted glass. The frosted glass surface is processed into a rough matte surface, which diffuses the diffused light and has the advantage of being transparent and opaque.
Difference between frosted glass and sandblasted glass
Frosting and sandblasting both haze the glass surface, so that the light will form a more uniform scattering after passing through the lampshade. It is difficult for ordinary users to distinguish between the two processes. The following describes the production methods of the two processes and how to identify them. .
1. Frosting process Frosting refers to immersing glass in a prepared acidic liquid (or applying acid-containing paste) to etch the glass surface with strong acid, and at the same time, hydrogen fluoride in a strong acid solution causes crystals to form on the glass surface. Therefore, if the frosting process is done well, the frosted glass surface is abnormally smooth, and the haze effect is produced by the scattering of crystals. If the surface is relatively rough, it means that the acid erodes the glass more seriously, which belongs to the immature performance of the frosted master. Or some parts still have no crystals (commonly known as no sanding, or the glass has speckles), which is also a poor mastery of the master craftsmanship. This process technology is difficult. This process is best manifested as sparkling crystals appearing on the glass surface, which is formed under a critical condition, the main reason is that ammonia hydrogen fluoride has reached the end of consumption.
2. Sand blasting process This process is very common. It hits the surface of the glass with sand particles emitted at high speed by a spray gun, so that the glass forms a fine concave-convex surface, so as to achieve the effect of scattering light and make the light feel hazy. The surface of the sandblasted glass product is relatively rough. Because the glass surface is damaged, it seems that the originally transparent glass is white in the light. Difficult craft.
3. The difference between the two processes is completely different. Frosted glass is more expensive than sandblasted glass, and the effect is mainly due to user needs. Some unique glasses are also unsuitable for frosting. From the perspective of pursuing nobility, matte should be used. The sand blasting process can generally be completed in factories, but the sanding process is not easy to really do well.
Frosted glass is produced with a sandy feel, strong texture, but limited patterns; sandblasted glass is engraved with a mold and then sprayed out according to requirements. This way, any graphics you want can be frosted than sandblasted The surface granularity should be more delicate.
About coloring
The role of the colorant is to make the glass selectively absorb visible light, thereby showing a certain color. According to the state of the colorant in the glass, it is divided into three types: ionic colorant, colloidal colorant and semiconductor compound microcrystalline colorant. Type, of which ionic colorants are widely used.
1.Ionic colorant
Easy to use, rich in coloring, relatively easy to process control, low cost, is a widely used coloring method, different ion colorants are selected according to coloring requirements and actual conditions
1) Manganese compounds are commonly used manganese dioxide, black powder
Manganese oxide, brown black powder
Potassium permanganate, grey-purple crystals
Manganese compounds can color glass to purple. Manganese dioxide or potassium permanganate is usually used. During the melting process, manganese dioxide and potassium permanganate can be decomposed into manganese oxide and oxygen. Glass is colored by manganese oxide. Manganese oxide can be decomposed into colorless manganese monoxide and oxygen, and its coloring effect is unstable. It is necessary to maintain an oxidizing atmosphere and a stable melting temperature. Manganese oxide and iron work together to obtain orange-yellow to dark purple-red glass, which is shared with dichromate. It can be made into black glass. The amount of manganese compounds is generally 3% -5% of the ingredients, and bright purple glass can be obtained.
2) Cobalt compounds
Cobalt monoxide green powder
Cobalt trioxide dark brown or black powder
All cobalt compounds are converted to cobalt monoxide during melting. Cobalt oxide is a relatively stable strong colorant, which makes the glass tint slightly blue and is not affected by the atmosphere. Adding 0.002% cobalt monoxide can make the glass Obtain a light blue color. Add 0.1% cobalt monoxide to obtain a vivid blue color. Cobalt compounds are used in common with copper and chromium compounds to produce uniform blue, blue-green and green glass. Used with manganese compounds to produce deep red, purple and black glass
3) Copper compound copper sulfate blue-green crystal
Copper oxide black powder
Cuprous oxide red crystal powder
Adding 1% -2% copper oxide under oxidizing conditions can make the glass color. Copper oxide can work with cuprous oxide or ferric oxide to produce green glass.
4) Chromium compounds
Sodium dichromate orange red crystal
Potassium chromate yellow crystal
Sodium chromate yellow crystal
Chromate is decomposed into chromium oxide during melting, and the glass is colored green under reducing conditions. Under oxidizing conditions, high-valent chromium oxide is also present, which makes the glass color yellow-green. Under strong oxidation conditions, chromium is oxidized. When the amount increases, the glass becomes light yellow to the amount of colorless chromium compounds, 0.2% -1% of the compound is calculated as chromium oxide, and the amount is 0.45% of the ingredients in the soda-lime-silicate glass, which is oxidized under oxidation conditions. Chrome and copper oxide can be used together to make pure green glass
5) Iron compounds are mainly iron oxide. Black powder can color glass to blue-green iron oxide and red-brown powder to color glass to yellow.
Compound of iron oxide and manganese, or used with sulfur and pulverized coal, can make the glass brown (amber)
2. The colloidal colorant uses the colloidal particles in a finely dispersed state in the glass to selectively absorb and scatter light to make the glass show a specific color. The size of the colloidal particles largely determines the color of the glass. Colloidal coloring Generally, a special heat treatment process is required in order to color the glass and colloid coloring has a special effect, but the process is more complicated and the cost is higher.
3. Semiconductor compound microcrystalline coloring agent Glass containing sulfur selenium compound, crystals of semiconductor are precipitated after heat treatment. Because the transition of the electrons in the entrainment absorbs visible light and is colored, its coloring effect is good and the cost is low, so it is more commonly used, but he pays attention to the rationality of process control.
Post time: Feb-25-2022